Where US gets its oil from and how strategic petroleum reserve is used
The U.S. is the largest crude oil producer in the world, but it still relies on oil from other countries. Here’s why.
Just the FAQs, USA TODAY
WASHINGTON– The House Thursday began amending legislation that would limit President Joe Biden’s authority to withdraw oil from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve after Republicans claimed he misused the power for political gains.
A final vote on the Strategic Petroleum Response Act (H.R. 21) could come as early as Friday.
The bill would prevent any administration from withdrawing oil from the reserves unless there is an increase in the percentage of federal lands that produce oil and gas that match the percentage withdrawn.
The bill is unlikely to become law; it does not have the votes to pass in the Democratic-controlled Senate, and the Biden administration has said it would veto it in any case, It comes after Biden ordered the largest withdrawal in U.S. history last year, a move that plummeted the reserves’ levels to their lowest since 1984.
Rep. Cathy McMorris Rodgers, R-Wash., who chairs the Energy and Commerce Committee, introduced the bill earlier this month.
Russian invasion of Ukraine prompted Biden to tap reserves
Biden ordered the withdrawal of 180 million gallons of oil from the emergency reserves last year when Russian sanctions and the war in Ukraine affected the global oil supply and raised prices to historic highs.
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Where are the US strategic oil reserves? Here’s how many barrels remain and where they are
The Biden administration has criticized the proposed legislation, with Energy Secretary Jennifer Granholm saying the bill will weaken the reserve’s usefulness as a tool to ensure energy security.
“It would require these arbitrary reports regarding energy production on federal lands before waiving any new restrictions,” she said during a White House briefing. “It would not offer any tangible benefits to the American people.”
Restrictions on Atlantic leasing among amendments adopted
Under a new House rule designed to give rank-and-file members more power to shape legislation, lawmakers of both parties now are able to propose amendments to most bills that reach the floor.
The House debated and voted on more than 20 amendments Thursday evening, passing four.
One amendment that passed, offered by Rep. Nancy Mace, R-S.C., would restrict oil and gas leasing near southern Atlantic states such as tourist-dependent South Carolina. Another, offered by Rep. Josh Gottheimer, D-N.J., would prohibit petroleum reserve sales that would benefit other countries “owned, controlled, or under the influence of” China, North Korea, Russia or Iran.
The House passed similar legislation earlier this month with a bipartisan vote that prohibits the sale and export of oil from the federal reserves to China.
What is the strategic petroleum reserve?
The strategic petroleum reserve is the world’s largest supply of emergency crude oil that is federally owned and stored in underground caverns at sites around the Gulf of Mexico.
According to the Department of Energy, the reserve is a “significant deterrent to oil import cutoffs and a key tool in foreign policy.”
Administrations from both parties have withdrawn oil from the reserves throughout the last few decades. Prior to Biden’s withdrawal last year, Energy Secretary Steven Chu, under former President Barack Obama, was the last to withdraw oil from the reserve in 2011 to offset supply disruptions from unrest in Libya.
Why does the GOP want to limit Biden’s authority?
Republicans say the legislation will discourage politically motivated use of the petroleum reserve for non-emergency purposes and will reduce gas prices by increasing the land available for oil and gas production, according to the House Energy and Commerce Committee.
Republicans have also said Biden’s large withdrawal from the reserve has compromised national security by depleting the available oil.
“The Strategic Petroleum Reserve is there in case of emergencies, and shouldn’t be used as a political prop,” Rep. John Joyce, R-Pa., who co-sponsored the bill, tweeted. “It’s time to prevent the Biden Administration from using our reserves for non-emergency reasons without establishing a plan to increase oil and gas production here at home.”
Do withdrawals from the oil reserve affect gas prices?
The Biden administration credits withdrawals from the reserve to lowering gas prices. The Department of Energy estimated Biden’s withdrawal from the reserve lowered gas prices by 40 cents per gallon last summer and announced in December the agency has begun purchasing oil to replenish what was withdrawn last year.
Secretary Granholm said unnecessary restrictions on when the reserve can be used could result in prices rising.
“It would potentially delay allowing oil to be released for domestic emergencies following a natural disaster or a pipeline outage at home, leaving, again, prices at risk of rising during — in the wake of a market shock because of emergencies due to extreme weather events,” she said during a White House briefing.
Biden said gas prices would increase from the proposed legislation.
“Blinded by politics, they reduce the ability of any president to provide relief to American families from natural disasters and foreign threats,” he said in a video statement.
Republicans feel differently, blaming Biden for current above-average gas prices combined with a drained petroleum reserve.
“The administration, especially leading up to the election, depleted our reserve for political purposes and I believe that it is important that they are transparent, and we are holding them accountable for that,” Rodgers said on CNBC.